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СтатьяПитание детей до года
Без сомнения, очень много уже сказано и написано в литературе о важности материнского молока, являющегося уникальным продуктом для новорожденных детей. И всё же немало современных мам, особенно обеспокоенных тем, что грудное вскармливание повредит их женской привлекательности и сексапильности, а также лишит их многих радостей светской жизни, отказываются кормить малыша грудью. Но этот подход категорически нельзя приветствовать: материнское молоко содержит абсолютно все необходимые микроэлементы и питательные вещества ровно в тех соотношениях, которые необходимы новорожденному.
И это ещё не всё: материнское молоко содержит иммунную защиту, которой нет в искусственном питании для детей. Этим объясняется тот факт, что дети, выросшие на грудном молоке, в меньшей степени подвержены различным заболеваниям. Есть ещё одно очевидное преимущество: нужная для наилучшего усвоения детским организмом температура материнского молока. Правда, чтобы обеспечить ребёночка необходимым количеством молока, надо позаботиться о некоторых вещах. В частности, необходимо определённое количество воды: её должно быть не менее 2-3 литров в день. Такое количество жидкости нужно для выработки молока, но заменять воду другими напитками не стоит. Чай, соки – не лучшие заменители в данном случае, не говоря уже о кофе, от которого и вовсе придётся отказаться. Любые таблетки в период вскармливания могут применяться только после консультации с врачом.
Небольшими порциями ребёнку надо давать также и воду. Кормления вначале надо проводить каждый раз, как малыш захочет. Количество потребляемого молока он тоже определит сам.
Конечно, грудное молоко при всей его ценности не может быть единственным источником питания ребёнка. Начиная с трёх месяцев, в рацион следует постепенно вводить прикорм, плавно переводя малыша на взрослое питание. Начинать надо с 0,5 чайной ложки сока, постепенно увеличивая дозу до 30мл. Сок ребёнку дают в перерывах между кормлениями грудью. Важно, чтобы сок был натуральным и свежевыжатым. Ни в коем случае не давайте ребёнку сок из пакетов, который продаётся в магазинах, поскольку он содержит сахар и консерванты. При желании можно развести сок водой в соотношении 50/50.
Следующий этап – фруктовое пюре, для приготовления которого используются зелёные яблоки, бананы и другие фрукты. Начинать следует с 5-10 г в сутки, постепенно доводя порцию до 50-60 г в 6 месяцев и 100 г в год. Пюре также должно быть натуральным и приготовленным дома: продукты промышленного производства проходят термическую обработку и не имеют такой высокой питательной ценности. С фруктовым пюре даётся творог, приготовленный самостоятельно.
В 4 месяца ребёнку надо начинать давать овощное пюре, приготовленное без соли, на воде, с капелькой растительного масла. Используемые овощи: кабачки, картофель, морковь, все виды капусты, картофель. Овощное пюре в рацион также надо вводить постепенно, начиная с одной чайной ложки в сутки.
Начиная с пяти месяцев надо давать каши. Их лучше варить из цельной крупы. Если крупа слишком большая, лучше её перемолоть в кофемолке предварительно. Варить детские каши рекомендуется на козьем молоке либо воде.
Для детишек первого года жизни наиболее подходящими считаются каши из геркулеса, риса и гречки. А вот манную кашу таким маленьким не стоит давать: она может спровоцировать возникновение аллергической реакции.
Главное помнить, что прикорм следует вводить постепенно, чтобы организм малыша адаптировался к изменениям.
- Яна
- ср, 08/02/2012 - 16:07
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